Quebec’s Population Trends in 2025

In 2025, Quebec’s population saw a slight decline, estimated at 9.03 million, down by approximately 9,600 from the previous year, as reported by the Institut de la statistique du Québec.

This decrease can be attributed to a significant drop in temporary immigration following years of rapid growth driven by international students, temporary workers, and asylum claimants.

The number of temporary residents in the province decreased by 51,400, totaling 514,050 at the beginning of 2026. On the other hand, permanent immigration experienced a slight increase, with 60,150 new arrivals. However, this rise was not adequate to counter broader demographic challenges.

For the second consecutive year, Quebec witnessed more deaths than births, with 80,450 deaths compared to 78,200 births. The fertility rate in the province remained low at 1.36 children per woman, and the average age of mothers at first birth rose to 30.2 years.

Net international migration added only 450 individuals, while interprovincial migration led to a loss of 7,600 residents.

The report underscores the dilemma faced by Quebec and Canada in balancing reduced temporary immigration with the imperative of maintaining population stability and supporting the workforce.