Canadian Citizenship by Descent and Criminal Records

Since Bill C-3 came into effect on December 15, 2025, there has been a significant increase in Americans with Canadian ancestry applying for Canadian citizenship certificates monthly.

Despite misconceptions, having a criminal record does not impact a claim for Canadian citizenship by descent. The recent amendments to the Citizenship Act have expanded citizenship eligibility criteria, allowing more individuals to claim Canadian citizenship.

Eligibility Criteria

• Individuals born outside Canada before December 15, 2025, to a Canadian parent, are now eligible for citizenship.
• Children born abroad after this date require the Canadian parent to have spent a minimum of 1,095 days in Canada before the child’s birth or adoption.

Many Americans already qualify as Canadian citizens under these criteria and hold dual US-Canadian citizenship. A citizenship certificate merely confirms their existing status, granting them rights to live, work, and study in Canada without additional permits.

Canadian Passport and Criminal Records

It’s important to note that a citizenship certificate and a Canadian passport are distinct documents, each with its own regulations. While a criminal record does not affect citizenship status, it can impact passport applications.